北京古觀象台與渾天儀複製品實物
<div class="quote"><p>歷史古跡：古觀象台 </p>
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<div class="16">古觀象台位於北京建國門立交橋西南側，是世界著名的古天文臺之一。建於明正統七年（公元1442年），至今已有500多年的歷史。 在高達17.79米的城台上，陳列有八件清代鑄的巨型銅質天文儀器，即天體儀、黃道經緯儀等等。這些銅鑄天文儀器既保存了中國古代天文儀的傳統，又採用了西方計量刻度，造型美，鑄造精，並在底座、支架等處加浮雕裝飾，精美絕倫，<font color="#ff3300">至今仍可運轉自如。</font>
<p>從1442-1929年，這裡保持了近500年連續的天文觀測記錄，精確率極高，這在世界天文觀測史上也是少有的。台下西側院內的紫微殿、晷影堂、東西廂房等展廳，介紹了豐富多彩的天文知識和中國天文學成就。
</p><p>（資料來源：世界旅遊網）<font color="#ffffff"><a href="http://www.dajiyuan.com/" target="_blank">http://www.dajiyuan.com</a></font></p>
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<p><font color="#ffffff">三維三</font></p></div></div><img id="e_f_img_0.003354477240557263" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-9/20069375135245.jpg\');}" alt="" src="http://www.fengshui-168.com/attachments/dvbbs/2006-9/20069375135245.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" border="0"> <img onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-9/200693223519681.jpg\');}" alt="" src="http://www.fengshui-168.com/attachments/dvbbs/2006-9/200693223519681.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" border="0"> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">建国门立交桥西南角，有一座古朴的城堞式青砖建筑，此即明、清两代的天文观测中心。它是在元大都城东南角楼的旧址上建起来的，至今已有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">540</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">余年的历史了。它的古朴雄姿与对街相望的旅游大厦、国际大厦等现代化建筑相映成趣。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> 北京古观象台是世界上古老的天文台之一，建于明正统七年（公元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1442</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年），明为观星台，清为观象台。台上安放有大型天文观测仪器，台下有紫微殿和晷影堂等附属建筑物，在明代已大体形成现在的布局。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> 紫微殿院内安放有新复制的明代浑仪、简仪（原物的三分之一）及正方案，晷影堂前设立了铜圭表，台下的展室里布置有《中国古代天文学成就》展览。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> 古观象台是国家重点文物保护单位。它因历史悠久，建筑完整以及它在东西方文化交流中的独特地位而闻名中外。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">历史沿革</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">北京地区的天文台始于金代的候台，位置在今白云观一带，贞元二年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1154)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">，把从北宋都城汴梁掠来的天文仪器置于台上。 元世祖至元十六年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1279)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">，建司天台，位置在今建国门内大街北侧的中国社科院</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">学部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">附近。台上陈列郭守敬等人制造的天文仪器。明永乐二十二年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1424)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">，在紫禁城内西侧建灵台，即宫廷观象台。明正统四至七年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1439</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1442)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">在内城东南隅建观星台，即今观象台前身。清代改观星台为观象台。晚清时，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1900</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年八国联军进京，将古观象台的仪器掠抢一空。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1921</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年后，根据凡尔赛和约才将仪器归还。辛亥革命后观象台改称中央观象台，隶属教育部。民国十八年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1929)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">改称国立天文陈列馆，只做气象工作，结束了天文观测活动。解放后，对古观象台多次维修。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1955</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年交北京天文馆使用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1956</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">5</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">日辟为北京古代天文仪器陈列馆，对外开放。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1979</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年古观象台东部坍方，第二年国家投资</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">50</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">万元进行修缮。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1982</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年公布为全国重点文物保护单位。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">建筑规模</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">修缮后的古观象台总高</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">14</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">米，东西长</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">24</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">米，南北宽</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">20</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">米。外观仍与明清时古观象台相同，墙内改为二层展览大厅。台下西部有一四合院</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">中为紫微殿，额曰</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">"</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">观象授时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">"</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。殿乐有浮漏堂，后又增设晷影堂。现在紫微殿及厢房为中国古代天文学成就展览。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">陈列情况</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">古观象台上的天文仪器，历代陈列情况变化是巨大的。其原因较复杂，但主要有二方面：其一是科学技术的进步，科学仪器会有自然的淘汰或更新；其二是人为的搬迁或强盗的掠抢。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>* </SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">金代的候台上所陈列的仪器，是金天会五年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1127)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">，女贞人攻破汴梁时抢来的。 元代的司天台上所陈列的天文仪器，是至元十六年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1279)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">，由王恂、郭守敬等人新制的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">* </SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">明代的观星台上，陈列有浑仪、简仪、浑象仪等大型铜制天文仪。这些仪器是明正统二年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1437)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">，钦天监监正皇甫仲和派人到南京鸡鸣山观星台上按照元代仪器复制了一套木模运回北京。正统四年至七年，按木模制造，安放于此。明万历之后，受西方自然科学传入的影响，我国的天文科学又有很大发展。崇祯二年至八年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1629</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1635)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">，由徐文启、李天径等人先后制做了纪限仪、平悬浑仪、平面日晷、转盘星晷、候时钟、望远镜、交食仪、列宿经纬天球、万国经纬地球、沙漏等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">*</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">清代康熙八年至十二年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1669</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1673)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">，由南怀仁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">比利时传教士</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">，应康熙皇帝之命，在原有仪器的基础上，设计督造了黄道经纬仪、赤道经纬仪、地平经仪、地平纬仪、象限仪、纪限仪、天体仪等新仪器安放台上。康熙五十四年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1715)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">，法国耶稣会传教士纪理安，又设计制造了地平经纬仪。遗憾的是，他所用的原料竟然是元明时期的古仪器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">!</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">后来康熙皇帝下令禁止，才保存了三件明代仪器。乾隆九年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1744)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">十月二十七日乾隆皇帝参观了所有的天文仪器后，提出仪器的结构要近古，而刻度要从今。于是当时的工匠们用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">10</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年的时间，设计制造了玑衡抚辰仪，在刻度上改中国的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">36514</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">度和百刻制为圆周</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">365</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">度和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">96</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">刻制。这些青铜天文仪器造型高大美观，雕饰细腻，是天文科学与铸造艺术的结晶。这时，由于天文仪器的增多，观象台向东接出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">5</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">米。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1900</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年，法国侵略者掠走赤道经纬仪、地平经纬仪、黄道经纬仪、象限仪和明代的简仪。德国侵略者掠走地平经仪、天体仪、记限仪和明制浑仪。在十大仪器被劫期间，为不使观测中断，曾制做小地平经纬仪和折半天体仪，以供使用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1902</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1921</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年后，法、德分别将仪器归还，于是将清代的八件仪器按原布局安放在观象台上，明制的浑仪和简仪分别置于紫微殿左右两侧。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">*</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">民国十年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(1921)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">在观象台的东北角增建了一座三层混凝土结构的观测楼。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">"</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">九·一八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">"</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">事变后，我国的天文工作者为保护古仪，于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1933</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年将明代的浑仪、简仪、漏壶、圭表和清制小地平经纬仪、折半天体仪等迁到南京紫金山天文台。至此时为此，古观象台上只陈列着清代制造的表铜古仪八件：玑衡抚辰仪、象限仪、天体仪、黄道经纬仪、地平仪、地平经纬仪、记限仪、赤道经纬仪。 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000>http://www.chinavr.net/beijing/gxt.htm<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
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[ 本帖最后由 慕羲 于 2006-9-17 01:55 编辑 ] 細看這些儀器，可以確定整套中國天文系統，是建構在以地球為中心的觀測系統，與現在西洋天文的日心系統不同。學者引用近代西洋天文資料佐證術數推論時，不可不知。，<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> 因岁差的存在古观象台仪器的指向每2148.6年西移30°！
如；我国天眼的指向2148.6年后指向西移30°！！
2004年11月去过，一晃十八年了。
时过境迁，而彼时非此时，感恩吧！
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