浙江临海张定边墓记
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">张定边(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1318</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1417)</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,沔阳人,元末农民起义军将领之一。张定边原籍湖北沔阳州湖弦口,出身渔家。身材魁梧,留着五绺美髯,潇洒英俊。知天文识地理,习兵法,练武功,精拳艺,擅岐黄。为人急公好义,路见不平拔刀相助。他在湖北黄蓬镇与陈友谅、张必先结拜为兄弟,生死与共,风雨同舟,共谋前程!从陈友谅起义,定都武昌,转战荆楚,征伐两江、闽、浙边陲重镇,攻无不克。官居大汉太尉,能与士卒同甘苦,共患难,不仅善战,而且多谋。当朱元璋的部将康茂才投书伪降,张定边曾力阻其行,陈友谅专横独断,不纳其言,致遭江东桥之惨败。石灰山战败,陈友谅仅以身免,不思劲敌当前,整军备战,而一意孤行,急于称帝,并以五通庙作行宫,张定边哭谏不纳,而分兵令其攻安庆而无功。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 陈友谅称帝改元,退守九江;又疏于江防,迨朱元璋之兵,逼近九江之西门,造成惊惶失措,谓兵从天降,幸得张定边由安庆撤还之师,冒死争战,陈友谅才得以脱险,夜走武昌。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 武汉为九省之通衢,有长江天堑之险阻,新败之余,不应急进动师,张定边再三劝谅,首在安民息兵,整军坚防,待机出击。陈友谅不纳忠言,我行我素,令制作大舰,扩充水师,集结举国之兵,号称六十万,且载文武百官,作孤注一掷。斯时定边审时度势,建议一支兵直捣南京,另一支兵围南昌,可使朱元璋尾首不能兼顾。确实陈友谅不纳忠言,空后防而深入南昌,南昌守将为朱元璋之侄大都督朱文正,一面约日伪降,一面派使臣赴南京求援,留一支军佯攻南昌;而陈友谅不吸取江东桥惨败之教训,而坚信朱文正的降城之约,实为缓兵之计,围八十五日不下,坐待敌之二十万援兵从容集结,兵临城下,再图施展,已不可能。于是撤围而入鄱阳湖,朱元璋之兵已布要隘,大战鄱阳湖,火攻水寮,张定边在关键时刻单刀直入,连斩朱元璋三员大将,但最终被常遇春用箭射伤,不得不退出,最后朱元璋占据先机,陈友谅头颅中流矢而身亡,造成全军覆没。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 此时,定边身披百矢,犹冒死黑夜驾小舟,载陈友谅之尸,护谅之子陈理。奔武昌,立理为帝。朱元璋乘</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">胜调军围困武昌,陈之元帅张必先被擒,而张定边堆城益坚,为时两月,终以无外援,陈理幼弱无知,受胡美之诱献城出降。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 张定边率一支兵,冒死突围,逐鹿于荆襄之间,明知大厦已倾,自感擎天无力,而且士卒疲命相从,斗志日趋消沉,于是劝慰士卒,解甲归田,以待机复兴,相注对泪,依依难舍。从此,张定边改名换姓,混迹江湖,携儿带女,辗转流离,终归故里,寿九十余而终。今仙桃市沔城湖口弦王姓,乃张太尉之后裔也。清光绪年间有进士王炳南</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">曾经历任陕西知县</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,主修王氏宗谱,即以张定边为一世祖,且在清初,亦有复姓归宗者,下面有谱序为证:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 376.5pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 威震荆楚,于沔有光,除剪元胡,追随汉王;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 百战百胜,鞑子胆丧,始终不渝,忠义是尚;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 鄱阳突围,冒死护丧,为复汉业,拥理武昌;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 理弱无知,受诱城降,勉率一旅,逐鹿荆襄;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 大厦已倾,擎天独柱,劝慰士卒,解甲归农;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 挈妻携子,浪迹江湖,改名换姓,以避祸凶;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 辗转流浪,终归故里,王即张姓,两姓一宗;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 今日王氏,张之后昌,湖口弦上,姓氏永香。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 陈友谅身后,群龙无首,起义失败。张定边不愿做朱元璋的降将,遂于洪武元年(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1368</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)戊申孟秋,遁入泉南灵源山隐居。为避前嫌,削发为僧,自号沐讲禅师。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">张定边入空门后,不闻尘俗事,究心佛理,赤足芒鞋,率领旧属僧侣,先后垦殖禅田</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">50</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">多亩,以桑麻蔬果植之,既能自给,亦可周给贫者。他看到广大贫苦农民因生病缺医少药而走投无路时,于是萌生悬壶义医和取灵源山中的甘草,用姑师井之水泡制药茶,广施万民,不求图报。洪武</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1377</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)丁巳十月廿三凌晨,张定边正在西霞山晨练武功。突然林中狂风四起,林木摇曳,落叶纷披。猛一抬头,但见一条斑斓猛虎,正从岗上飞窜下来。那猛虎发现了定边,竟直向他冲来。定边不免有点慌神。赶忙往右边一跳,闪在老虎的旁边,猛一拧身,举禅杖朝老虎前胛叉去。顷刻间,猛虎鲜血直流,脑浆四溅。从这点,可见张定边的武功。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P> 又据临海民间世代相传。
临海市大洋街道狮云村目讲师墓(俗名张定边):旧传目讲师死后葬宁波有误,据临海地理师世代相传,实葬于台州府后面之水磨坑,其地亦府龙将结时出脉,亥顶,立壬山丙向,左右高秀山峰对称拱峙,两水过堂内水在丁未之间,龙虎砂叠叠相交,外水口不见。墓前
即为师所建之“西林禅院”。
张定边为陈友谅之国师,陈兵败后,张被捕,解至浙江省新昌县,为新昌吕不用买通解差,称张因暴病而亡,张得脱,隐于新昌与天台边之庵顶山旁头陀庵中,其时以堪与为生,主要活动于嵊县.新昌,天台,东阳等地,民间有很多有关目讲师的传说,在嵊县曾堪察长乐镇镇址,新昌有传人杨宗敏,书有新昌地理志《黄泥断》,后方国珍举事称帝,建都于台州城隍山;被聘为王方国珍之国师,后方亦为朱元璋部所败,张仓皇逃出,隐于临海下沈村,为沈家选一坟地(后出一尚书)。坟成,主家宴请答谢,家人赴台州府城买菜时,见城门口贴一画像,极象先生,回来告之先生,张顾不上吃饭,连夜逃往宁波,剃度出家,自号“无着大士”。晚年潜回临海,临海有一义女。建了“西林禅院”后终于临海。
民间传说, 张墓先建于寺后帖墙外,临终前对弟子说,我死后如要寺院香火旺盛,必在大雄宝殿外烧火七七四十九天。张死去徒弟为了能使香火旺盛些,就照师傅所说,在殿外烧火四十九天,不科将寺庙烧尽。张墓前方始得宽广。 有关照片
[ 本帖最后由 慧安居士 于 2009-1-2 22:17 编辑 ] 墓地遗迹 龙山 丁未水口位子 不错,收藏起来。。。。。。
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