《黄帝问玄女兵法》
本帖最后由 慕羲 于 2012-3-5 20:22 编辑<!--><xml><w:WordDocument><w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel><w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery><w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery><w:DocumentKind>DocumentNotSpecified</w:DocumentKind><w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing>7.8</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing><w:View>Normal</w:View><w:Compatibility></w:Compatibility><w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom></w:WordDocument></xml><!--><div class="Section0"><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">卷三 龙韬 立 将 第 二 十 一</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">上一页 目录页 下一页 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 【提示】 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 本篇讲述古代君主任命将帅的仪式和方法，阐明了这样两个观点：一是 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">将帅领兵作战，责任重大，<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">社稷安危，一在将军</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">。因此将帅应做到</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">见 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">其虚则进，见其实则止<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">，不轻敌，不冒险，不贱人，不违众，与士卒同甘 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">共苦。二是君主应信任将帅，给以机动指挥的权力。<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">国不可以从外治，军 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">不可以从中御<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">，</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">军中之事，不闻君命，皆由将出</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">。只有做到这两点， </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">才能<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">无敌于前，无君于后</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">，</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">战胜于外，功立于内</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">。 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 【译文】 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 武王问太公说：<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">任命将帅的仪式是怎样的？</font><font face="Times New Roman">” </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 太公回答道：<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">凡国家遭遇危难，国君就避开正殿，在偏殿上召见主将， </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">向他下达诏令说：<font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">国家的安危，全系于将军身上。现在某国反叛，请将军 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">统率大军前去征讨。<font face="Times New Roman">’” </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">主将接受命令后，国君就令太史占卜，斋戒三天，前往太庙，钻炙龟 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">甲，选择吉日，向将帅颁授斧钺。到了吉日，国君进入太庙门，面向西站立； </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">主将随之进入太庙门，面向北站立。国君亲自拿着钺的上部，把钺柄交给主 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">将，宣告：<font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">从此，军中上至于天的一切事务全由将军处置。</font><font face="Times New Roman">’</font><font face="宋体">然后又亲自 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">拿着斧柄，将斧刃授予主将，宣告：<font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">自此，军中下至于渊的一切事务全由 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">将军裁决。<font face="Times New Roman">’</font><font face="宋体">并接着申明：</font><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">见到敌人虚弱就前进，见到敌人强大就停止， </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">不要认为我军众多就轻敌，不要因为任务重大就拚死，不要因为身份尊贵就 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">轻视部下，不要认为自己意见独到而违背众意，不要由于能言善辩而自以为 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">是。士卒没坐下，你不要先坐；士卒还没进餐，你不要先吃。冷热都要与士 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">卒相同。这样，士卒就会尽死力作战。<font face="Times New Roman">’ </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">主将接受任命后，拜而回答说：</font><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">我听说国事不可受外部的干预，作 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">战不能由君主在朝廷遥控指挥。臣怀二心就不能忠心侍奉君主，将帅受君主 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">牵制而疑虑重重就不能专心一志去对付敌人。我既已奉命执掌军事大权，不 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">获胜利不敢生还。请您允许我按照上面的话全权处置一切，若不允许，我不 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">敢担此重任。<font face="Times New Roman">’ </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">国君答允之后，主将就辞别君主率军出征。从此军中一切事务，不听 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">命于国君而全部听命于主将。临敌作战，专心一意。这样，主将就能上不受 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">天时限制，下不受地形牵制，前无敌人敢于抵挡，后无君主从中掣肘。这样， </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">就能使智谋之士都愿出谋画策，勇武之人都愿殊死战斗，士气昂扬直冲霄汉， </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">行动迅速如快马奔驰，兵未交锋而敌人就已降服。从而取胜于国外，建功于 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">朝廷，将吏得到晋升，士卒获得奖赏，百姓欢欣鼓舞，主将没有祸殃。于是 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">风调雨顺，五谷丰登，国家安宁。<font face="Times New Roman">” </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 武王说：<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">说得好啊！</font><font face="Times New Roman">” </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 【原文】 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 武王问太公曰：<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">立将之道奈何？</font><font face="Times New Roman">” </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 太公曰：<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">凡国有难，君避正殿，召将而诏之曰：</font><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">社稷安危，一在将 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">军，今某国不臣，愿将军帅师应之。 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">将既受命，乃命太史卜，斋三日，之太庙，钻灵龟</font><font face="Times New Roman">①</font><font face="宋体">，卜吉日，以授 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">斧钺<font face="Times New Roman">②</font><font face="宋体">。君人庙门，西面而立；将人庙门，北面而立。君亲操钺持首，授将 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">其柄，曰：<font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">从此上至天者，将军制之</font><font face="Times New Roman">’</font><font face="宋体">。复操斧持柄，授将其刃，曰：</font><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">从 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此下至渊者，将军制之。<font face="Times New Roman">’‘</font><font face="宋体">见其虚则进，见其实则止，勿以三军为众而轻 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">敌，勿以受命为重而必死，勿以身贵而贱人，勿以独见而违众，勿以辩说为 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">必然。士未坐勿坐，士未食勿食，寒暑必同。如此则士众必尽死力。<font face="Times New Roman">’ </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">将己受命，拜而报君曰：</font><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font><font face="宋体">臣闻国不可从外治，军不可从中御。二心 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">③ <font face="宋体">不可以事君，疑志</font><font face="Times New Roman">④</font><font face="宋体">不可以应敌。臣既受命专斧钺之威，臣不敢生还。愿君 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亦垂一言之命于臣。君不许臣，臣不敢将。<font face="Times New Roman">’ </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">君许之，乃辞而行。军中之事，不闻君命，皆由将出。临敌决战，无 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有二心。若此则无天于上，无地于下，无敌于前，无君于后。是故智者为之 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">谋，勇者为之斗，气厉青云，疾若驰骛<font face="Times New Roman">⑤</font><font face="宋体">，兵不接刃，而敌降服。战胜于外， </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">功立于内，吏迁士赏，百姓欢悦，将无咎殃。是故风雨时节，五谷丰熟，社 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">稷安宁。<font face="Times New Roman">” </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 武王曰：<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">善哉！</font><font face="Times New Roman">” </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 【注释】 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">①</font><font face="宋体">钻灵龟：即占卜。在商周时每遇重大事情，总要求神问卜。其方法是 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 用烧红的小铜棍炙烙龟甲或兽骨，观察骨甲的裂痕以决定吉凶。 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">②</font><font face="宋体">斧钺（</font><font face="Times New Roman">yuè</font><font face="宋体">）斧，斧头。钺，较宽大的斧。斧钺都是古代军中行刑的兵 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 器，军权的象征。 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">③</font><font face="宋体">二心：怀有异心，不忠心耿耿。 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">④</font><font face="宋体">疑志：志存疑虑，犹豫不决。 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">⑤</font><font face="宋体">驰骛（</font><font face="Times New Roman">wù</font><font face="宋体">）：奔驰的骏马。驰，车马疾驰。骛，交驰、迅急。 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 【例证】 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">军不可从中御</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">，</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">军中之事，不闻君命，皆由将出</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">，给予将帅以 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">充分的信任和机动指挥的权力，是作战指挥上的一条极其重要的原则。否则， </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如果国君从中干预掣肘，对待帅采取不信任的态度，必然会干扰前线将帅的 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">决心和计划，从而导致战争的失败。古今中外这方面的经验教训很多，魏文 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">侯任贤拒谗、临阵不易将就是一个典型例证。 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 东周威烈王十八年（前 <font face="Times New Roman">408 </font><font face="宋体">年），魏文侯任命乐羊为大将，率军讨伐中 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">山国，乐羊率领军队攻入中山国后，遇到了顽强的抵抗，进展十分缓慢，用 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">了一年时间，仍没有取得胜利。因此国内流言四起，蜚语纷纷。有人说：<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">乐 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">羊无能，应尽早撤换，以免劳民伤财，徒损国威。<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">有人说：</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">乐羊本是将 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">才，久战不决，必定是别有用心，用意拖延。<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">更有人说：</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">乐羊是利用时 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">间争取民心，以便在灭亡中山后自立为王。<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">还有不少人上书说：</font><font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">常言虎 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">毒不食子，而乐羊竟能忍心吞食自己的亲生骨肉，这种人如不趁早撤换，必 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">将养虎为患。<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">魏文侯听到这些流言蜚语，看了这类奏章，心中暗想，乐羊 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在开始进攻中心国时，他的儿子被中山国王烹杀，并将羹汤送给乐羊，乐羊 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">毫不迟疑地尽饮一杯。这一举动，只是为了表明对我的忠诚和必胜的决心， </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这样的人决不会背叛我。我如轻信流言，临阵易将，不仅会使大将蒙冤，更 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">重要的是贻误军机。于是，便将那些奏章放入一个匣子中，照旧给乐羊补充 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">兵员，输送给养，支持乐羊继续进攻。随着时间的推移，检举乐羊的奏章也 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">越来越多，魏文侯认定全是捕风捉影的不实之辞，照例放入匣中。时经三年， </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">检举信件竟装满了整整一个匣子。 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 乐羊苦战三年，终于取得胜利，灭亡了中山国。他带领军队回朝后，魏 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">文侯张灯结彩，大摆宴席，庆贺胜利。在宴会上，乐羊自觉劳苦功高，满脸 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">喜色，频频举杯，并等待文侯封赏。但文侯绝口不提封赏之事，直到宴会结 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">束时，才令人送给乐羊一个匣子。乐羊认定封赏定在匣中，兴高采烈地回到 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">家中，打开匣子一看，既无加官晋爵的诏旨，也没有金银珠宝之类的贵重物 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">品，只有满满一匣书信。乐羊看完全部书信，心情激动不已，自言自语地说： </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“<font face="宋体">没有文候的信任和支持，我乐羊早就身陷囹圄，哪能得到今夫的战功呢？</font><font face="Times New Roman">” </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">随即穿上朝服来到王宫，一见文侯纳头便拜：<font face="Times New Roman">“</font><font face="宋体">微臣浅薄无知，只想到自己 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">出生入死的功劳，却不知大王信任和支持的重大作用。如今才知灭亡中山全 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">靠大王的英明决策，乐羊不过略尽犬马之劳而已！<font face="Times New Roman">”</font><font face="宋体">魏文侯见乐羊收敛了恃 </font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">功倨傲的情绪，才重重地奖赏了他。魏文侯任贤拒谗、信任将帅的事迹，常 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为后人所称道。 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">创建时间：<font face="Times New Roman">2006-2-27 </font><font face="宋体">上一页 目录页 下一页</font></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Power by Softscape HTML Builder 3 </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p></div> 谢谢,看看是不是斌法
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