先、后天八卦图结构规律浅探
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<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">先、后天八卦图结构规律浅探</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">药师</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 古往今来，先、后天八卦图的结构问题一直是易学研究的重要课题之一，其中先天八卦</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">结构因自</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">加一倍法</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">而出，自然排布，数列井然，自乾至坤无论从数学上还是阴阳理论方面均可找到明显的规律，而后天八卦图的结构排列则颇多争议。近年来，笔者通过对先、后天八卦结构的研究，认为先、后天八卦不仅都具有极其对称的规律性，而且还具有同源性，可以相互演化。现将笔者对先、后天八卦图结构规律的探讨就正于方家，</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">希望能有助于中华易学的发展。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">一、先、后天八卦图的钎古之争</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 宋朝以前，并无所谓先、后天之说，先天八卦图为宋人邵庸所传，旨在解说《说卦传》</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> “</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">天地定位，山泽通气，雷风相薄，水火不相射，八卦相错，数往者顺，知来者逆</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">诸</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">语，并明其中所含的八卦方位。邵庸在其《皇极经世》之《先天象数第二》中云：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">天地定位一节，明伏羲八卦也。八卦者，明交相错，而成六十四卦也。数往者顺，若顺天而行，是左旋也，皆已生之卦也。故云数往也。知来者逆，若逆天而行，是右行也，皆未生之卦也。故曰：知来也。夫《易》之数，由逆而成矣。此一节直解图意，若逆知四时之谓也。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">” </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">《周易本义》卷首云：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">邵子曰：乾南、坤北、离东、坎西，震东北，兑东南，巽西南，艮西北。自震至乾为顺，自巽至坤为逆。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">此图方位，宋人以为创自伏羲，所以又称为</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">伏羲先天八卦方位</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">。但是，由于《易传》没有明文阐述此类方位，汉学家多不信。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 后天八卦方位之说始于邵子对《说卦传》中八卦方位的解释。邵子《后天象数第五》中云：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">起震终艮一节，明文王八卦也。至哉文王之作易也，其得天地之用乎？故乾坤交而为泰，坎离交而为既济也。乾生于子，坤生于午，坎终于寅，离终于申，以应天之时也。置乾于西北，退坤于西南，长子用事，而长女代母。坎离得位，而兑艮为偶，以应地之方也。王者之法，其尽于是矣。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">” </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">汉学家采用此图，但不取</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">后天</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">文王</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">之名，称为</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">帝出乎震图</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">。图中震、兑、离、坎分别表示正东、正西、正南、正北，又称</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">四正卦</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">，余四卦称</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">四隅卦</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">。自此而后，易学人士围绕先、后天八卦展开了长达钎年的争论，今人郭至成、郭涛在《走进伏羲</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">——</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">破解易学钎古之谜》中指出：先天易学诞生后，一方面受到易学界的普遍重视，</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">打破了由王弼横扫象数给中国易学带来得七百多年得沉寂，为中国易学注入了崭新的活力。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">另一方面，</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">高举义理派大旗的学者，一直没有停止对先天易学的批判。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">义理派的学者认为：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">先天易学只不过是宋人陈抟、邵庸等人把道教炼丹术中的东西用来说易，那只是他们自己的易学，而与周易无涉。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">近代以来，先、后天之争犹未停顿，先天易以其科学性排列被更多</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">科学易</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">学者尊崇，而重视占卜和《周易》本经的学者则强调后天易学，或者强调二者的结合使用。同时，一些严肃的易学者虽然试图在考古上获得先天易的确凿证据，却无功而返，从而使先、后天之争得以延续。笔者以为，历史上先、后天之争皆起源于图，如果对先、后天图的方位排列有科学可靠的解释，则二者之争尽可休矣，如将精力集中于二者的运用上来，则中华易学还将获得新的发展。为了更好的了解先、后天之争的轨迹，在解释先、后天八卦图结构规律之前，笔者想先对古今先、后天八卦图研究中一些具有代表性的研究成果进行简要回顾：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">（一）邵庸先生的研究。邵庸区分出先、后天八卦方位，将先、后天八卦融会贯通，最先以先天数配后天图，自成先天为体、后天为用的一家之说。《本义》卷首云：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">邵子云：此文王八卦，乃入用之位，后天之学也。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">（《本义》）邵子在其著述《皇极经世》中对先、后天八卦方位还多有解释，关于先天方位，邵子云：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">乾坤定上下之位，离坎列左右之门，天地之所阖辟，</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">****</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">月之所出入。是以春夏秋冬、晦朔弦望，昼夜长短，行度盈缩，莫不由乎此矣。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">关于后天方位图，邵子云：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">易者，一阴一阳之谓也，震始交者也，故当朝夕之位。坎离交之极者也，故当子午之位。巽艮虽不交，而阴阳尤杂也，故当用中之偏。乾坤纯阴纯阳也，故当不用之位也。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">又云：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">兑、离、巽，得阳之多者也。艮、坎、震，得阴之多者也。是以为天地之用。乾极阳，坤极阴，是以不用也。乾坤纵而六子横，《易》之本也。震兑横而六卦纵，《易》之用也。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">（二）尚秉和先生的研究。尚秉和先生在其《周易尚氏学》中对先后天八卦也有自己的见解。尚先生云：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">先天方位，乾南坤北，离东坎西，一阴一阳，相偶相对，乃天地自然之法象。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">又云此方位</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">在两汉皆未失传，至魏管辂，谓乾必宜在南生，以乾位西北不合，而疑圣人矣，则以先天位已失传，辂但见其尾，不见其首也。历魏晋迄唐，无有知者。至宋邵子揭出，《易》本始大明。而黄梨洲、毛西河等，以邵子所传，本于道士，肆力掊击。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">并引据《左传》所载《易》占，指出：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">艮与乾同位西北，巽与坤同位西南，坎兑同位西，震离同位东，左氏已备言之。故荀爽、郑玄资以注经。他若《乾凿度》，言先天意尤多也。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">（《周易尚氏学》）尚先生认为</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">后天方位</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">是由</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">先天方位</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">变来，指出：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">八卦园布四方，各有其位，而先后不同，盖《易》之道一动一静，互为其根。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">静而无为，惟阴阳相对必相交。坤南交乾，则南方成离；乾北交坤，则北方成坎；先天方位，遂变为后天，由静而动矣。《周易》所用者是也。然《周易》虽用后天，后天实由先天禅代而来，不能相离。故《说卦》首以</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">天地定位，山泽通气</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">’</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">演先天卦位之义，再明指后天。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">（《周易尚氏学》）</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">（三）《易纬乾凿度》的研究。《易纬乾凿度》只对后天八卦的排列作出了解释。书中云：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">天地有春秋冬夏之节，故生四时。四时各有阴阳刚柔之分，故生八卦。八卦成列，天地之道立，雷风水火山泽之象定矣。其布散用事也，震生物于东方，位在二月。巽散之于东南，位在四月。离长之于南方，位在五月。坤养之于西南方，位在六月。兑收之于西方，位在八月。乾制之于西北方，位在十月。坎藏之于北方，位在十一月。艮终始之于东北方，位在十二月。八卦之气终，则四正四维之分明，生长收藏之道备，阴阳之体定，神明之德通，而万物各以其类成矣。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">又云：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">乾者，天也，终而为万物始，北方万物所始也，故乾位在于十月。艮者，止物者也，故在四时之终，位在十二月。巽者，阴始顺阳者也，阳始壮于东南方，故位在四月。坤者，地之道也，形正六月。四维正纪，经纬仲序，度毕矣。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">又云：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">孔子曰：乾坤，阴阳之主也。阳始于亥，形于丑，乾位在西北，阳祖微据始也。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">阴始于巳，形于未，据正立位，故坤位在西南，阴之正也。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">君道倡始，臣道终正，是以乾位在亥，坤位在未，所以明阴阳之职，定君臣之位也。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">” <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">（四）今人的部分研究成果。今人韩勇在其著述《太易论》中认为：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">先天八卦反映了太阳相对于地球周期运转得循环规律，其运动方向与月亮相对于地球的运转方向恰恰相反，前者是顺时针，后者是逆时针，所以太阳运动的卦序方向是震、离、兑、乾、巽、坎、艮、坤。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">并针对后天八卦方位图指出：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">帝指的是太阳，太阳藏于坤，动于震，丽于离。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">……</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">健于乾、入于巽、陷于坎，是说太阳在南方乾卦位天气最干，太阳最炎，而至巽卦位，太阳就开始下落入地，到西方坎卦位太阳就已陷入地下，即日落西山。至于</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">说言乎兑，战乎乾，劳乎坎，成言乎艮</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">’</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">，是说人们的社会活动是随着日出日落而变化的。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">但是，韩勇先生并没有对后天八卦方位的规律进行揭示，他对后天八卦表示不甚明了，认为后天八卦</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">不是从事物本质的变化出发，而是从半路起首，也就是说，不是依从于阴阳变化的规律，而是直接从乾坤两卦开头，所以造成了八卦方位的大变迁，因此它是唯心主义的产物。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">…</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">由于这种定位方法搅乱了阴阳原有的顺序变化，因此无法完成周而复始的周期循环，故不免有自相矛盾的地方。尽管后天八卦被后人广泛应用，但实际上是不科学的。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">” <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 今人苗孝元、姜在生在《易之道》一书中指出，先天卦和后天卦中必然存在一阴一阳之道，后天八卦中的阴四卦巽、离、坤、兑和阳四卦乾、艮、坎、震就是《周易》中的一阴一阳。并据此认为，先天八卦方位表示一阴一阳相结合的状态，后天八卦方位表示一阴一阳相分离的状态。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 今人郭至成、郭涛在《走进伏羲》中通过对先、后天之争的回顾，强调要换个角度论先天，提出</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">伏羲时代的易究竟是什么样子的</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">追问。经过他们对京房易卦序的分析，从立体易的角度认为伏羲时代的易学应当为立体易，其卦序应当为</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">天风山火，地雷泽水</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">的观点，认为这一卦序比邵子的所谓先天卦序更有意义，在思路上有新的突破。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 上述对先、后天八卦图研究观点的鸟瞰，虽不甚全面，但基本上反映了钎年来对于先、后天八卦之争的概貌。这些观点均不无可取之处，但是由于没有从先、后天图的形成根源和结构分布的逻辑性上解决问题，因而未能真正彻底地清算这一钎古之争。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">二、后天八卦图具有巧妙的对称规律</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 如前所述，先天八卦方位图因按照一阴一阳规律依次挨排所得，具有很强的对称性，体现了易简的精神，因而在卦画排列结构上容易为人了解，为人接受。而后天八卦图则不然，其卦画结构至今无人破译，虽然人们发现了其中蕴涵的五行运行规律以及</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">乾统三男居北，坤统三女处南</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">的排列规律，并在实践中广泛应用，但是因为没有发现其排列卦画的高度对称性规律，因而使人不能不怀疑文王演卦的科学性。由此看来，先、后天八卦图之争的关键在于找到后天卦的对称规律。那么，后天八卦图的对称规律是什么呢？笔者在一个偶然的机会中发现了其井然巧妙的卦画排列规律。如图所示（见图一）</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">巽</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">离</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">坤</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">震</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">兑</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">艮</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">坎</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">乾</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">（图一）</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">将乾、坎、艮、震分别与其斜对角的巽、离、坤、兑比较，可以发现：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">乾卦的下两爻与巽卦的上两爻相同，为太阳；而乾卦上爻为阳，巽卦下爻为阴，正好相反。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">坎卦的下两爻与离卦的上两爻相同，为少阴；而坎卦上爻为阴，离卦下爻为阳，正好相反。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">艮卦的下两爻与坤卦的上两爻相同，为太阴；而艮卦上爻为阳，坤卦下爻为阴，正好相反。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">震卦的下两爻与兑卦的上两爻相同，为少阳；而震卦上爻为阴，兑卦下爻为阳，正好相反。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 如此看来，后天八卦图的方位对称排列昭然已揭。后天图不仅具有一阴一阳的规律，而且还含有四象流转的规律，四象在后天八卦中从乾卦开始，依照太阳</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">——</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">少阳</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">——</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">太阴</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">——</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">少阳的规律自下而上周流运行，充分体现了后天八卦与先天八卦自震至乾，自乾至坤阴阳流转规律的相承性。先天八卦图不过是对阴阳流转顺序的细致描述，而后天图则将阴阳、四象、五行浓缩于一处，凝聚而成一幅新图。了解这一规律后，人们一直不理解的后天图为何不按照大小顺序排列为乾震坎艮，坤巽离兑的原因也会豁然而解。了解这一规律后，我们不能不佩服先圣的智慧。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">三、先、后天八卦图根源索解</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">——</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">河图数序</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 那么，我们的先圣为什么要将乾卦置于西北，而不置于南呢？先、后天八卦图之间到底又什么渊源呢？笔者在进一步的思考中，借助五行八卦的匹配和对河图的推演，终于使这一钎古大迷进一步得到了揭示。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 我们知道，按照易学界的普遍认知，八卦和五行之间的匹配是：乾、兑属金，震、巽属木，坤、艮属土，离属火，坎属水。同时，五行和河图数序之间的配合是</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">属水居北，</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">属火居南，</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">属木居东，</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">9</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">属金居西，</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">属土居中。可以发现，河图数位与后天八卦图之间的契合之处在于八卦图的四正位和河图四正位取得了五行的一致性。唯有中央土没有着落。那么怎样找到中央土在后天八卦图中的位置呢？笔者认为，河图中央土的位置在后天八卦图中反映在东北、西南的坤艮两卦，也就是说，东北、西南属于中央土。实际上，在先天八卦图上，我们也可以发现，震、巽木按照横图而言本来属于中央的两卦，但是展方为园后，则分居东北、西南。所以假设后天八卦在排列上和先天卦具有类似的规律，那么将后天图展园为方，则中间为坤、艮，继而为兑、震，继而为乾、巽，最后为坎、离。以土为界，左边为木、火，右边为金、水，阴阳判然。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">根据上述分析，河图数序与后天八卦图取得了高度一致性。下面，我们就可以通过河图数序推出先天八卦图的五行排列来，并由此悟出先、后天八卦图之间的演化过程。由于我们已知先天八卦的五行排列以震、巽木（</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）为中心，所以，将河图数序整体加</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">，只保留尾数，得到以下排列，如下图（见图二）所示：</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
5</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">10 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">1 8</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">3 7</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">2 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">9 <br>
(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">图二</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">) <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 从河图数序的这一变体来看，我们发现，</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">木居于中央，可将其置于东北、西南方向；</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">水居东；</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">火居西；</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">9</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">金居于北方；而</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">土居于南方。这样，我们可以清楚地看到河图变体的数序、五行分布和先天八卦有何等的相似之处，唯一不同的是图形正好相反，如果逆向而看，则一幅以木为中心的</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">先天五形图</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">已经摆在了大家的面前。若将</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">先天五行图</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">配以八卦，将</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">稍加旋转，则可以画成逆式的先天八卦园图（乾北坤南）。而所以先天八卦逆式而成，与地画八卦（地北高南低）有关，但是无论正、逆都符合天尊地卑之理。同时，通过上述分析，以木（数字</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）为中心和以土（数字</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">）为中心的象数变化可能意味着《易传》所言</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> “</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">参伍以变，错综其数</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">的实际内涵之一。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 据此，笔者断定，《易传》中所言</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">河出图，洛出书，圣人则之。易有四象，所以示也</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">等绝非空无凭据，河图、洛书和先、后天八卦图皆属于易学必不可少的内容，钎年以来否认先天学的观点可以休矣，钎年以来在河、洛之学与先、后天之学之间寻求会通的种种猜想可以有所凭据矣。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">四、先、后天八卦图探索中的余思</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 笔者在探索先、后天八卦图结构规律中耗费了较大的精力，但是及至发现其规律时，才悟出</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">大道至简</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">的道理，原来很高深的问题解释起来竟如此简单，图象的分布如此自然而然，毫无近来一些学者解释的繁杂。同时，笔者发现，这种索解的思维方式会引导我们看到更加宽广的地方。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN"> 如果将推演先天图源自河图数序的方式继续下去，我们可以推出以火为中心，以水为中心，以金为中心的五行排列，并还可以推出不同性质的八卦图。也许八卦图本来就不止一幅，而应当有五幅，甚至更多。那么，这些八卦图和五行排列图的使用意义在那里呢？后天图以土为中心分布五行，可能意味着</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">物以类聚，方以群分</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">的物质空间分布形态；先天图以木为中心分布五行，可能意味着</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">本乎天者亲乎上，本乎地者亲乎下</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">的气运消长趋势。那么，以水、火或者金为中心的五行分布图又意味着什么呢？同时，后天八卦图为什么采取了与先天图阴阳顺布不一样的规律，虽然我们在卦象的排列上找到了一定依据，但是这样排列究竟怎样运用，四象排列的对称性意味着什么？洛书与八卦图之间如何关联？等等，笔者还不得而知。易道迥矣，希望易学界更多有识之士能够悟出其中奥妙，光大吾中华易学。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">以下为简易八卦图</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">11121222,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">这组数据首尾相连成一环</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">有顺逆二卦读序</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">以乾为始分别为</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">乾兑离坎震坤艮巽</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">乾兑震坤艮坎离巽</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">其中以乾为始</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">按隔位取卦</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">遇中而变</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">阴阳相逆</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">可得四种八卦序</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">读者自演不难</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">其中一种即乾一离二艮三震四况五坤六坎七巽八</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">上数</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">参五以变</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">配洛书</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">得太乙八卦</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">洛书不动</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">八卦逆行</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">45</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">度</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">后天八卦成</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">后天八卦成</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">则后天卦序之机见矣</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US">,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(228, 232, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 新細明體; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">见玄武阴阳易</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: rgb(221, 34, 184);" lang="ZH-CN">于先天后天同源性的问题，我也深有同感，我认为，这个方面还可以从地理方位作一个方面的论证参佐。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-indent: 18pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">从伏羲八卦方位图和文王八卦方位图来看。伏羲八卦方位图即先天八卦图，它的具体分布方位，《说卦》里说：“天地定位，山泽通气，雷风相薄。水火不相射。八卦相错，数往者顺，知来者逆”亦即乾南坤北，离东坎西，震东北，巽西南，兑东南，艮西北。为什么这样定位呢？“数往者顺，知来者逆”也。尚秉和先生说：“先天方位，乾南坤北，离东坎西，一阴一阳，相偶相对，乃天地自然之法象。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="EN-US">”<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">按照中国的实地地理，太阳东升，月亮西起，南方暖和北方阴潮，自然可相对应为乾南坤北，离东坎西。东南地带多川泽，可以为兑，西北多高山，自然为艮，西南部受印度洋的影响常有洋西风，当然可以为巽了，剩下一个就是东北了，我国东北地区是在地质运动时期形成的，于是代表动的震就很自然地居于东北位了。可见，伏羲八卦方位图分布是极为有根据的。这种安排的实事求是原则是地理学家都不否认的
。那么文王八卦方位图呢？文王八卦方位图的分布情况是：南离北坎、东震西兑，乾西北坤西南，巽东南艮东北。它又是怎样的一种逻辑</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="EN-US">?</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; color: black;" lang="ZH-CN">《说卦》如是说：“帝出乎震，齐乎巽，相见乎离，致役乎坤，说言乎兑，战乎乾，劳乎坎，成言乎艮。万物出乎震，震东方也。齐乎巽，巽东南也。齐也者，言万物之挈齐也。离也者，明也。万物皆相见南方之卦也。圣人南面而听天下而明而治，盖取诸此也。坤也者，地也。万物皆致养焉，故曰：致役乎坤。兑正秋也，万物之所以说，故曰：说言乎兑。战乎乾，乾西北之卦也，言阴阳相薄也。坎者，水也，正北方之卦也。劳卦也。万物之所归也。故曰：劳乎坎。艮东北之卦也，万物之所成势而所成始也。故曰：成言乎艮”在这里，《说卦》已经说得很清楚，可以说，伏羲八卦方位主要是以自然逻辑排列，文王八卦方位则以人事为主要参佐。而不管是自然逻辑的还是以人事为主要参佐的，都是言之凿凿的，有理有据的，同是又互成体系的，其同源性于此亦可窥见一斑了。</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> 有一定的规律性和道理，学习了 <P>下来学习！！</P> 多谢！！！！！！！！ 谢谢分享!!! 支持下，謝謝分享 太有启发了，很有意思。 1、先天八卦图以[木]为先天五形图的中心；后天八卦图以[土]为先天五形图的中心；
2、可能还有[水]、[火]、[金]为先天五形图的中心的八卦图？愿闻其详！ 先、后天八卦图结构规律浅探，谢谢，学习了 以下为简易八卦图11121222,这组数据首尾相连成一环,有顺逆二卦读序.
以乾为始分别为,乾兑离坎震坤艮巽,乾兑震坤艮坎离巽.
其中以乾为始,按隔位取卦,遇中而变,阴阳相逆.
可得四种八卦序,读者自演不难,其中一种即乾一离二艮三震四况五坤六坎七巽八,
上数"参五以变"配洛书,得太乙八卦,洛书不动,八卦逆行45度.
后天八卦成
后天八卦成,
则后天卦序之机见矣,
见玄武阴阳易
这段话可否讲清楚点，请补图 没那么简单，《河图洛书解析》比较完善。 易經先天卦演變後天卦 有关易学的相关好文 有关易学的相关好文2 谢谢，下载了 好东西,呵呵 谢谢分享！！ 下来学习.谢谢分享! 下来学习.谢谢分享! 下来学习.谢谢分享! 长子用事，而长女代母。
这个理论在现实中准确吗 什么时候乾 兑成金，震巽成木了，以前的古书好像没有挂钩的 谢谢分享!!! 河图洛书所表达的是一种数学思想。只要细加分析便知，数字性和对称性是“图书”最直接、最基本的特点，“和”或“差”的数理关系则是它的基本内涵。
易强调就是阴阳平衡。 本帖最后由 eqz 于 2011-3-21 23:50 编辑
回复 21# maya
参考：confucius2000.com/confucian/shaoyong/sydyzsddxqs.htm 邵雍对《易传•说卦》的新诠释
pudie.com/%E4%B8%87%E5%B9%B4%E5%8E%86/yjbg2tjt.htm 易经八卦及太极图
《理气心印》 - 文王后天卦篇
易曰：“帝出乎震，齐乎巽，相见乎离，致役乎坤，说言乎兑，战乎乾，劳乎坎，成言乎艮。”
此文王后天八卦，乃人用之位，后天之学也。
伏羲先天八卦，乾生於子，坤生於午，坎终于寅，离终于申，以应天时，明天之道
至文王重卦 至乾于西北，退坤于西南，长子用事而长女代母，坎离得位而兑艮为偶，震巽为用，以应地之方也
盖兑离巽得阳之多者也，艮坎震得阴之多者也，是以为天地之用也
乾极阳，坤极阴，是以不用也。以方位言之，震兑始交者也，故当朝夕之位
坎离交之极者也，故当子午之中，巽艮不交而阴阳不杂也，故当用中之偏
乾坤纯阳纯阴也，故当不用之位，此后天方位，所以始震而终艮也
罗经方位，由是而立，其所以推测造化，察理山川以别吉凶，盖有至理存焉，此圣人明体致用之学也 。
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