luo1124 发表于 2009-5-26 06:03:44

端午习俗说一说

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">農曆五月初五,俗稱“端午節”。端是“開端”、“初”的意思。初五可以稱為端五。農曆以地支紀月,正月建寅,二月為卯,順次至五月為午,因此稱五月為午月,“五”與“午”通,“五”又為陽數,故端午又名端五、重五、端陽、中天等。從史籍上看,“端午”二字最早見於晉人周處《風土記》:“仲夏端午,烹鶩角黍”。端午節是我國漢族人民的傳統節日。這一天必不可少的活動逐漸演變為:吃粽子,賽龍舟,掛菖蒲、艾葉,薰蒼術、白芷,喝雄黃酒。據說,吃粽子和賽龍舟,是為了紀念屈原,所以解放後曾把端午節定名為“詩人節”,以紀念屈原。至於掛菖蒲、艾葉,薰蒼術、白芷,喝雄黃酒,則據說是為了壓邪。儘管端午節年年過,但是關於端午節的來歷,卻不甚清楚,歸納起來,大致有以下諸說。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  一,紀念屈原說。此說最早出自南朝梁代吳均《續齊諧記》和北周宗懍《荊楚歲時記》的記載。據說,屈原於五月初五自投汨羅江,死後為蛟龍所困,世人哀之,每於此日投五色絲粽子于水中,以驅蚊龍。又傳,屈原投汨羅江後,當地百姓聞訊馬上划船撈救,千直行至洞庭湖,終不見屈原的屍體。那時,恰逢雨天,湖面上的小舟一起彙集在岸邊的亭子旁。當人們得知是打撈賢臣屈大夫時,再次冒雨出動,爭相劃進茫茫的洞庭湖。為了寄託哀思,人們蕩舟江河之上,此後才逐漸發展成為龍舟競賽。‘看來,端午節吃粽子、賽龍舟與紀念屈原相關,有唐代文秀《端午》詩為證:“節分端午自誰言,萬古傳聞為屈原。堪笑楚江空渺渺,不能洗得直臣冤。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  二,迎濤神說。此說出自東漢《曹娥碑》。春秋時吳國忠臣伍子胥含冤而死之後,化為濤神,世人哀而祭之,故有端午節。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  三,龍的節日說。這種說法來自聞一多的《端午考》、和《端午的歷史教育》。他認為,五月初五是古代吳越地區“龍”的部落舉行圖騰祭祀的日子。其主要理由是;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">端午節兩個最主要的活動吃粽子和競渡,都與龍相關。粽子投入水裏常被蚊龍所竊,而競渡則用的是龍舟。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">競渡與古代吳越地方的關係尤深,況且吳越百姓還有斷發紋身“以像龍子”的習俗。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">古代五月初五日有用“五彩絲系臂”的民間風俗,這應當是“像龍子”的紋身習俗的遺跡。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  四,惡日說。在先秦時代,普遍認為五月是個毒月,五日是惡日。《呂氏春秋》中《仲夏記》一章規定人們在五月要禁欲、齋戒。《夏小正》中記:“此日蓄藥,以蠲除毒氣。”《大戴禮》中記,“五月五日畜蘭為沐浴”以浴驅邪認為重五是死亡之日的傳說也很多。《史記·孟嘗君列傳》記歷史上有名的孟嘗君,在五月五日出生。其父要其母不要生下他,認為“五月子者,長於戶齊,將不利其父母。”《風俗通》佚文,“俗說五月五日生子,男害父,女害母”。《論衡》的作者王充也記述:“諱舉正月、五月子;以正月、五月子殺父與母,不得舉也。”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">東晉大將王鎮惡五月初五生,其祖父便給他取名為“鎮惡”。宋徽宗趙佶五月初五生,從小寄養在宮外。可見,古代以五月初五為惡日,是普遍現象。可見從先秦以後,此日均為不吉之日。這樣,在此日插菖蒲、艾葉以驅鬼,薰蒼術、白芷和喝雄黃酒以避疫,就是順理成章的事。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  五,夏至說。持這一看法的劉德謙在《“端午”始源又一說》和《中國傳統節日趣談》中,提出三個主要理由:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">權威性的歲時著作《荊楚歲時記》並未提到五月初五日要吃粽子的節日風俗,卻把吃粽子寫在夏至節中。至於竟渡,隋代杜台卿所作的《玉燭寶典》把它劃人夏至日的娛樂活動,可見不一定就是為了打撈投江的偉大詩人屈原。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">端午節風俗中的一些內容,如“踏百草”、“鬥百草”、“采雜藥”等,實際上與屈原無關。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">歲時風物華紀麗》對端午節的第一個解釋是:“日葉正陽,時當中即端午節正是夏季之中,故端午節又可稱為天中節。由此午節的最早起源當系夏至。兌紛出,而以紀念屈原說影響最為廣泛。由於屈原的人格藝超群,人們也願意把這一紀念日歸之於他。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①采藥。這是最古老的端午節俗之一。《夏小正》載:“此日蓄藥,以蠲除毒氣。”《歲時廣記》卷二十二“采雜藥”引《荊楚歲時記》佚文:“五月五日,競采雜藥,可治百病。”後魏《齊民要術·雜記》中,有五月捉蛤蟆的記載,亦是制藥用。後來有不少地區均有端午捉蛤蟆之俗,如江蘇於端午日收蛤蟆,刺取其沫,製作中藥蟾酥;杭州人還給小孩子吃蛤蟆,說是可以消火清涼、夏無瘡癤。還有在五日於蛤蟆口中塞墨錠,懸掛起來晾乾,即成蛤蟆錠,塗於膿瘡上可使消散。這種捉蛤蟆制藥之俗,源於漢代“蟾蜍辟兵”之傳說。又如湖北監利於端午“采百草”,亦采藥草之俗。采藥是因端午前後草藥莖葉成熟,藥性好,才于此日形成此俗。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  ②沐蘭湯。端午日洗浴蘭湯是《大戴禮》記載的古俗。當時的蘭不是現在的蘭花,而是菊科的佩蘭,有香氣,可煎水沐浴。《九歌·雲中君》亦有“浴蘭湯會沭芳”之句。《荊楚歲時記》:“五月五日,謂之浴蘭節。”《五雜俎》記明代人因為“蘭湯不可得,則以午時取五色草拂而浴之”。後來一般是煎蒲、艾等香草洗澡。在廣東,則用艾、蒲、鳳仙、白玉蘭等花草;在湖南、廣西等地,則用柏葉、大風根、艾、蒲、桃葉等煮成藥水洗浴。不論男女老幼,全家都洗,此俗至今尚存,據說可治皮膚病、去邪氣。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  ③飲蒲酒、雄黃、朱砂酒,以酒灑噴。《荊楚歲時記》:“以菖蒲</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年生草本植物,生在水邊,地下有淡紅色根莖,葉子形狀像劍,肉穗花序。根莖可做香料,也可入藥</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或鏤或屑,以冷酒。”蒲酒味芳香,有爽口之感,後來又在酒中加入雄黃、朱砂等。明謝肇淛《五雜咀》:“飲菖蒲酒也……而又以雄黃入酒飲之。”明馮應京《月令廣義》:“五日用朱砂酒,辟邪解毒,用酒染額胸手足心,無會虺</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">古書上說的一種毒蛇</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蛇之患。又以灑牆壁門窗,以避毒蟲。”此俗流傳較廣。至今,如廣西賓陽,逢端午時便有一包包的藥料出售,包括雄黃、朱耒、柏子,桃仁、蒲片、艾葉等,人們浸入酒後再用菖蒲艾蓬蘸灑牆壁角落、門窗、床下等,再用酒塗小兒耳鼻、肚臍,以驅毒蟲,求小兒平安。另外有的地區還用雄黃酒末在小孩額上畫“王”字,使小孩帶有虎的印記,以用虎辟邪。這些活動,從衛生角度來看,還是有科學道理的。雄黃加水和酒灑於室內可消毒殺菌,飲蒲灑也頗有益。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  ④採茶、制涼茶。北方一些地區,喜於端午采嫩樹葉、野菜葉蒸晾,製成茶葉。廣東潮州一帶,人們去郊外山野采草藥,熬涼茶喝。這對健康也有好處。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  在端午設置種種可驅邪的花草,來源亦久。最早的如掛艾草於門,《荊楚歲時記》:“采艾以為人,懸門戶上,以禳毒氣。”這是由於艾為重要的藥用植物,又可制艾絨治病,灸穴,又可驅蟲。五月文含艾油最多,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此時正值文生長旺期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所以功效最好,人們也就爭相采艾了。除采艾紮作人外,也將艾紮作虎形,稱為艾虎,《荊楚歲時記》注文雲:“以艾為虎形,或剪綵為小虎,帖以艾葉內人爭取戴之。”同時也在門上掛蒲束及葛蒲削的蒲劍,蒲束紮的蒲龍。《帝京歲時紀勝》:“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">端午</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">插蒲龍艾虎。”《清嘉錄》卷五:“戴蒲為劍,割蓬作鞭,副以桃梗蒜頭,懸於床戶,皆以卻鬼。”桃梗是辟邪之吉物,蒜頭被認為是象徵武器銅錘,與蒲劍、蓬鞭相配,以趕卻鬼祟。另外還焚燒艾蒿等以驅趕蚊蠅。在湖南、浙江等地則采葛藤掛於門相上,傳說葛藤是鎖鬼的鐵鏈子,可驅鬼辟邪。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">   與采藥、采艾蒲等相聯繫的有蹋百草、鬥百草等遊戲,是古人往野外遊藝之遺俗。後來發展成為插花等裝飾藝術。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  民間認為五月是五毒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蠍、蛇、蜈蚣、蜘蛛、蟾蜍</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出沒之時,民間要用各種方法以預防五毒之害。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般在屋中貼五毒圖,以紅紙印畫五種毒物,再用五根針刺於五毒之上,即認為毒物被刺死,再不能橫行了。這是一種辟邪巫術遺俗。民間又在衣飾上繡制五毒,在餅上綴五毒圖案,均含驅除之意。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  端午也以桃印為門飾。桃是民俗中驅鬼之物,源於神荼、鬱壘之神話,以桃刻印,亦為祛攘之意。《續漢書·禮儀志》:“朱索、五色桃印為門戶飾,以止惡氣。”後世的昧符、吉祥葫蘆即源於此。《夢粱錄》卷三:“士官等家以生朱於午時書‘五月五日天中節,赤口白舌盡消滅’之句”,這是宋代之俗。《燕京歲時記》又記:“端陽日用彩紙剪成各樣葫蘆,倒粘於門闌上,以泄毒氣。”這是清代之俗。有的還在紙葫蘆上垂絲穗、飄帶等,更為好看,或在葫蘆中剪出五毒形狀,掛貼於門,亦表示將五毒之氣泄盡之意,意為“倒災葫蘆”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  在唐代,專於五月五日午時於揚州揚子江心鑄銅鏡,以進貢皇帝,稱為“天子鏡”,這也是辟邪之意(見《唐國史補》)。所以後世多於門前掛鏡驅邪。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  懸鍾馗像,鍾馗捉鬼是端午節習俗。在江淮地區,家家都懸鍾馗像,用以鎮宅驅邪。唐明皇開元,自驪山講武回宮,瘧疾大發,夢見二鬼,一大一小,小鬼穿大紅無襠褲,偷楊貴妃之香囊和明皇的玉笛,繞殿而跑。大鬼則穿藍袍戴帽,捉住小鬼,挖掉其眼睛,一口吞下。明皇喝問,大鬼奏曰:臣姓鍾馗,即武舉不第,願為陛下除妖魔,明皇醒後,瘧疾痊癒,於是令畫工吳道子,照夢中所見畫成鍾馗捉鬼之畫像,通令天下于端午時,一律張貼,以驅邪魔。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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luo1124 发表于 2009-5-26 07:20:07

<P> 1# luo1124 </P>
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紫薇2009 发表于 2009-5-27 21:36:04

长知识了
页: [1]
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