郭生龙说“易”
<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 文鼎CS大黑"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在很多人心目中,说起易经就想起易经卜卦、风水、算命、择日、奇门六壬等等,甚至于联想到迷信,这种想法其实是非常偏离易经的本真的。卜卦、风水、算命、择日、奇门六壬各类术数当然离不开易理,而易学有着它更深更大更远的宇宙观和方法观。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = O /><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相传远古自伏羲氏创先天八卦演无字之易后,后世先贤各演其说而有三本核心著作,分别是夏朝的《连山》、商朝的《归藏》和周朝的《周易》。连山易归藏易只见其名不见其传,或许民间仍有其传,隐人还在延用,而现在通行整本只剩《周易》,而周易对中华文化影响至深至远,成了诸子百家认识宇宙,认识自然、认识生命、演绎理论的无上经典,道家的《道德经》,老庄学说;丹道修炼家的《道藏》、《周易参同契》;儒家治国安邦、治家治人而为历代王朝所用的儒学;语言中的中国汉字造字法;兵家的《阴符经》、《孙子兵法》、《孙膑兵法》;天文学历学家的三垣二十八宿赤道坐标系和历代的律历志和中国特有的农历;星占家的历代星经,如《甘石星经》、《开元占经》等;医家的以《黄帝内经》为代表的庞大的医学系统;建筑史上的历代皇宫、皇陵、城市、乡镇民宅的布局和相应的风水学系统;谶纬家的《太玄经》、《易纬》、《皇极经世》、《推背图》;术数家推演的相学、命学、奇门、太乙、六壬、神数等等的一切分门别类无不深深地烙上了易学的大印,其义广矣大矣备矣。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也许有人会问易学到底是怎么样一种学问,而有如此大的神通和魅力?这要从易学的“易”字所蕴之意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为何以“易</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为名说起</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有人谓之“日月阴阳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;有人谓之“钥匙</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">解开迷团的金钥匙;有人谓之“简易</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“变易</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和“不易</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">众说纷纭</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而我更想突出的重点是“简易</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“容易</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大家知道宇宙是浩渺、纷繁、博大而不可测的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而易学难能可贵的没有边际的宇宙模块化、平面化、简易化,用最简单的表达方法演绎了不断生成变化发展的宇宙的本原和变化规律,使不可测的变成可测的,纷繁的变成简易的,博大的变成浅显的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使人人可以感悟、领会和掌握而为已所用,故而易经更表像的可以理解为容易的经书,简单、明白、易懂的书,掌握了易学,你就不会觉得很神奇了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当然易学跟百姓的日常生活关联也非常紧密,易《系辞》里说:“百姓日用而不知”“智者见智,仁者见仁”老百姓衣食住行,日常生活中时时显而易见的易理。只不过大家没有去体会,觉察不到而已。比如大家知道吃公鸡肉能助阳,为什么呢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">?</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">凌晨阳气发动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">太阳渐升</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公鸡便应时而啼,说明公鸡与阳同性而通阳,因此能补阳。比如民间习俗而言,为什么“九月九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">称重阳呢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因为易经以六数为老阴</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">九数为老阳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所以九月初九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二九数才叫重阳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为何古人叫皇帝为“九五之尊</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">呢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因为易经重卦六爻</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以五爻为最珍贵之爻</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">九为阳数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五爻临阳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">位尊之极</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">故而称之</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">又比如我们习惯从腊月二十开始称为某某夜</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如二十夜、二十一夜,明明是白天为何称“夜”呢?因为那已经是冬末,阴气盛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阳气伏藏很深</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时节近春</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">黎明前的黑暗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">故而引申为之“夜</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”.<O:P></O:P></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">于日常用语而言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那就是简单不胜枚举了。比如我们批评一个人不守诺言,会说某某人“变卦”了。此处的“变卦”,即来自《周易》中,“变卦”是指某卦的一爻发生了变化,导致它变为另一个卦。正是由于爻变引起了卦变,所以事物的发展出现了新情况。再比如,“否极泰来”来自易之二卦;“二人同心,其利断金”,来自易之《同人》卦;“天行健君子以自强不息”,“飞龙在天”等来自乾卦,“厚德载物”等来自坤卦,“启蒙教育”来自蒙卦,“师出有名”来自师卦</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">…….</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为什么我们平常说:“不三不四”,而不说成是“不二不四”、“不三不五”或其他的呢?这还是来自卦像。六爻卦是参天俩地中人而成卦,所以易有三才,谓天地人,所以分内卦(三画),外卦(三画),易之三四爻位即在内外卦变化交接之处,而三四爻在易之诸卦之中均多不吉之像,处在三四位之间的地方自然不稳定不吉利了,故而不三不四原意在此。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相信来自农村的每位朋友在成长的岁月中,更能近距离地听到老人们茶余饭后、津津乐道的风水故事和传奇,和体验到上辈们在村落住宅选址建宅的风水活动,以后我们慢慢细说,在这里就不详谈了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大道无形,大德至厚,易学固然是大道大学问,庙堂圣贤之学,易学更应该是属于百姓的学问,日常生活的学问,若掌握了易学,眼前纷繁芜杂的一切都会变得清晰明朗,现在我们应该运用现代的媒介的力量,把它交还给普通百姓,用来指导普通百姓的生活,让百姓拥有先圣留给我们的智慧,顺应自然大道,远离疾苦,享受更和谐美好的生活。</SPAN></P><SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P></O:P></SPAN></SPAN>
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