死的别称（讳称）
"死"的同义词很多,常见的有去世,过世,逝世,故去等.在古代,"死"的别称不但众多,而且从中能够窥见等级观念,心理活动以及情感色彩.<BR><BR>天子之死叫"崩","驾崩",意思是皇帝的车驾崩坏了.<BR><BR>诸侯或相当于诸侯的封国国君,封爵王侯,以及贵妃,公卿大臣之死称"薨".<BR><BR>大夫之死叫"卒",这从西周一直到唐宋以前都是如此.唐宋以后,普通百姓死,才敢称"卒".<BR><BR>古时只有平民之死,才直言不讳地通称"死".<BR><BR>受佛教轮回观念的影响,"死"的别称上,出现了诸如"归天","厌世","下世","上仙","归净土","入冥",甚至直言"下地狱","见阎王","上西天"等.<BR><BR>革命志士,爱国忠臣,民族英雄,白刃横于前而宁死不屈,为国家赴汤蹈火,其死堪称英烈.人们用"殒(殉)国","殉难","殉节","殉命","殉身","捐躯"等来称誉他们.<BR><BR>对于那些死于非命的奸臣,祸孽,恶人,盗匪贼寇等,往往称其死为"毙命","毙","绝","灰灭"等.大众化的贬词还有:"一命呜呼","蹬腿了","断气了","完蛋了","见阎王去了","下地狱了",等等.<BR><BR>关于"死"的别称,数量最多的还是如下这些大众化的中性别称,诸如:"亡","殁","没","丧","终","故","逝","殒","不<BR><BR>起","绝命","弃手足","弃堂帐","捐馆","捐馆舍","物<BR><BR>故","溘逝","弃养","亡躯","作古","谢世","弃世"等.<BR><BR>西方人习惯于说死是"见上帝去了",而有些共产党人习惯把最后的归宿喻为"去见马克思".<BR><BR>古代人未及15岁而死,称"夭",未成年而死,称"殇",此外还有"短折","夭折"等别称.<BR><BR>至于"杀","诛","戮","醢","战亡","病没","弃市",<BR><BR>"伏诛","伏法","就义","正典刑","正法","凌迟","戮<BR><BR>首","腰斩","寻短见","自经","自缢","自溺","遇害",<BR><BR>"遇难","牺牲"等,都属于死的不同方法,不能视为死的别称.<BR><BR>死的别称（讳称）<BR><BR>古代帝王：驾崩、大薨、山陵崩、大行、登遐、晏驾、千秋、百岁<BR><BR>未成年而亡：夭折、夭逝、殇。<BR><BR>父母之死：见背、孤露、弃养等<BR><BR>高龄而死：登仙、寿终正寝。<BR><BR>尼姑、道士、和尚之死：圆寂、坐化、示寂、示灭、涅盘、羽化、登仙<BR><BR>其他在古籍中出现的死的别称还有：卒、殁、疾终、溘逝、仙逝、弃世、下世、厌世、作古、千古、长眠、安息、隐化、迁神、解驾、遁化、迁化、迁形、捐舍馆、就木、殒命等。<BR><BR>就以吊唁来说，难免接触一个“死”字，但“死”在这种特定场合是不能直接说出来的，只能选取与“死”相近的同义词来代替，如去世、过世、逝世、仙逝、长眠、安息、千古、归天、亡、故、卒、殁、永别、永诀、离开人世、寿终正寝、与世长辞等等。对死于意外事故，叫“遇难”、“丧生”；为人民事业而死，叫“牺牲”、“捐躯”、“殉国”、“殉职”；未成年就死了，叫“夭亡”、“夭折”；高龄而死，叫“归天”、“仙逝”；平安地老死在家里，叫“寿终正寝”；和尚的死叫“圆寂”、“涅梁”、“坐化”；道士的死叶‘羽化”；古代帝王死了叫“驾崩”、“泰山其颓”。死的别称还有：“心脏停止了跳动”、“永远停止了呼吸”、“献出了自己的生命”、“流完了最后一滴血”等。死的贬义词有：“见阎王”、“上西天”、“完蛋”、“伸腿”、“一命呜呼”、“翘辫子”。这种种的“死”，包涵有丰富的感情色彩，恰当地选用，可以使语言增辉添彩，对死者的评价和对家属的态度也能表达出来。<!--++ plugin_code qcomic begin--> <!--++ plugin_code qcomic end-->
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