禅海一粟 发表于 2009-9-21 14:47:22

英烈千秋 张自忠上將 抗战殉国的最高将领

<DIV id=att_17428 style="MARGIN: 5px 0px"><BR><IMG onclick="if(this.width>=500) window.open('http://www.qmhistory.cn/attachment/Fid_24/24_2561_9a9641b2ebcce84.jpg');" src="http://www.qmhistory.cn/attachment/Fid_24/24_2561_9a9641b2ebcce84.jpg" onload="if(this.width>'500')this.width='500';if(this.height>'500')this.height='500';" border=0> </DIV>
<DIV id=att_17429 style="MARGIN: 5px 0px">描述:张自忠将军临阵遗书<BR><BR><IMG onclick="if(this.width>=500) window.open('http://www.qmhistory.cn/attachment/Fid_24/24_2561_448fabd7f572ef9.jpg');" src="http://www.qmhistory.cn/attachment/Fid_24/24_2561_448fabd7f572ef9.jpg" width=500 onload="if(this.width>'500')this.width='500';if(this.height>'500')this.height='500';" border=0> </DIV>
<DIV id=att_17430 style="MARGIN: 5px 0px">描述:张自忠将军的戎装照<BR>图片: <BR><IMG onclick="if(this.width>=500) window.open('http://www.qmhistory.cn/attachment/Fid_24/24_2561_73ed2736b5bdcd8.jpg');" src="http://www.qmhistory.cn/attachment/Fid_24/24_2561_73ed2736b5bdcd8.jpg" onload="if(this.width>'500')this.width='500';if(this.height>'500')this.height='500';" border=0> </DIV>
<DIV id=att_17431 style="MARGIN: 5px 0px">描述:张自忠是宋哲元的老部下,其一生历史足迹都与宋哲元息息相关<BR><BR><IMG onclick="if(this.width>=500) window.open('http://www.qmhistory.cn/attachment/Fid_24/24_2561_d02f4a85ea65ae8.jpg');" src="http://www.qmhistory.cn/attachment/Fid_24/24_2561_d02f4a85ea65ae8.jpg" onload="if(this.width>'500')this.width='500';if(this.height>'500')this.height='500';" border=0> </DIV>
<DIV class=f14 id=read_tpc><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">张自忠,山东临清人,杰出的抗日爱国将领,原国民党第33集团军总司令,于1940年5月16日在枣宜会战中壮烈殉国。他是中国军队在抗战中牺牲的职务最高的将领,也是第二次世界大战反法西斯阵营五十余国中战死的最高军队将领。蒋介石惊闻张自忠殉国,立即下令第五战区不惜任何代价夺回张自忠遗骸。一百多名优秀将士,抢回张将军的尸骨,连夜运往重庆。蒋介石抚棺痛哭,亲自题辞:“英烈千秋”。</SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">当时中国军队的第</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">33</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">集团军只有两个团驻守襄河西岸。张自忠作为集团军总司令,本来可以不必亲自率领部队出击作战,但他不顾部下的再三劝阻,坚持由副总司令留守,</SPAN></FONT><B><FONT face="標楷體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">5</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face="標楷體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">月</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face="標楷體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">6</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face="標楷體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">日晚,张自忠亲笔给副总司令冯治安留下临阵遗嘱,进一步表示了以死报国的决心--</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face="標楷體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">张自忠将军临阵遗书:</SPAN></FONT></B><BR><B>&nbsp; </B><BR><B>仰之我弟如晤:<BR></B><BR><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 因为战区全面战事之关系,及本身之责任,均须过河与敌一拼,现已决定于今晚往襄河东岸进发,到河东后,如能与38D、179D(38师和179师)取得联络,即率诸两部与马师不顾一切向北进之敌死拼。设若与179D、38D取不上联络,即带马之三个团,奔着我们最终之目标(死)往北迈进。无论作好作坏,一定求良心得到安慰,以后公私均得请我弟负责。由现在起,以后或暂别,或永离不得而知,专此布达。<FONT face="標楷體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: #29303b"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT face="標楷體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: #29303b"><BR></SPAN></FONT></B><BR><B>&nbsp;张自忠手启</B><BR><FONT face="標楷體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">张自忠</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">(1891-1940)</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,号荩忱,出生于山东省临清县唐元村,年轻时就读天津法政学堂,就学期间曾秘密加入同盟会,而后由于国难将至投笔从戎,进入冯玉祥部西北军,以功累升排,连,营,团长,西北军校校长等职,曾参加北伐诸战役。 </SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">治军严厉 不失人性 </SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">张自忠将军自小就受儒家教育,他进私塾读书,以致后来上的临清高等小学堂学的仍然是四书五经。可以说,自张自忠懂事起,就开始接受儒学的熏陶,因此,强调忠、孝、仁、义的旧道德从小便在张自忠的内心深深扎下了根。 </SPAN></FONT><BR><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT><BR><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">凡士兵如严重违纪,必打军棍,但却又主张</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">八不打</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">:</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">一、官长生气时,不许打</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">二、士兵劳碌太过时,不许打</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">三、对新兵,不许打</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">四、初次犯过者,不许打</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">五、有病者,不许打</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">六、天气过热过冷时,不许打</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">七、饱饭后及饥饿时,不许打</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">八、哀愁落泪时,不许打</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">从他订下的</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">八不打</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">军规就可看出他的带兵除了(严)以外还有(仁)的成分在里面。另外,无论他身处多高位阶他总是与士兵吃一样伙食,也和士兵们一起工作,所以所有是官兵都愿意和他生死与共。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT><BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><B>被误为汉奸<FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT></B><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">中原大战结束,即将面临对日抗战,中央对冯玉祥不计前嫌,双方敌对气氛消除,原西北军受到中央改编为</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">29</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">军,以宋哲元为军长,张自忠为下辖的第三十八师师长廿九军刚组成不久,即奉命调驻平津,负责河北省防务,然而不久之后就遇上日军进犯。 </SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">当时廿九军第三十三师,在师长张自忠及旅长赵登禹率领千人大刀敢死队,以急行军兼程赶赴前线,用大刀、手榴弹为武器,于月黑风高之夜,乘敌不备,歼灭日军步兵两个联队骑兵一个大队,在喜峰口造成空前大捷,震惊中外,张自忠获中央颁授青天白日勋章,于是抗日英雄的威名,传遍全国,妇孺皆知。 </SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">卢沟桥事变暴发,二十九军撤出北平,张自忠奉命留平缓冲与日个人周旋以增加国军的准备时间,他也在这期间面临到了他一生中最沉痛的选择,他与日个人周旋的行为被舆论误解为逼宫夺权,附敌为逆。在国人的眼中,张自忠从民族英雄了汉奸。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">重返部队 报效国家 </SPAN></FONT></B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">而后日军全面进犯东北,张自忠见大事已去,继续留在北平已无必要,乃设计脱险,骑自行车出走天津,再乘英国轮船去青岛。 </SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">由于旧识秦德纯的陪同引见,张自忠有机会会见蒋介石。他首先起立请罪说:</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">自忠在北方失地丧师辱国,罪有应得,请委员长严予惩办。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">蒋介石回达道:</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">你在北方一切情形,我均明了。我是全国军事委员会委员长,一切统由我负责,你要安心保养身体,避免与外人往来,稍迟再约你详谈。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">” <BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">升任集团军总司令</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT></B><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">五十九军组成不久,便与日军的板桓师团发生大战,当时在南京,上海相继失陷后日军直指徐州,志在夺取这一战略要地。 </SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">日军王牌师团板桓师团侧面进攻临沂,当时守卫临沂的是庞炳勋的第三军团。由于实力过于悬殊,伤亡惨重,庞部急待援军。庞炳勋与张自忠原是仇敌,但是张自忠仍以大局为重,率第五十九军以一昼夜</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">180</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">里的行军速度及时赶来增援,打得板桓师团措手不及,大败而逃,也间接造成了日后的台儿庄大捷</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> ! <BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">当时中央明令嘉奖,同年十月就升为三十三集团军总司令。驻防襄樊一带,成为第五战区机动部队。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">一九三九年三月,日军进攻鄂西,进犯随县、枣阳,张自忠再次亲自率领两军团渡海迎战,大破日军,击毙击伤敌军超过一万三千人,再为抗战史上写下了</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">鄂北大捷</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">在此战役张将军以一对十,竟奏大功。 </SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">襄东大捷 人赞</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">活关公</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">同年</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">12</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">月,日军又集中大量兵力向驻守长寿店地区的第</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">33</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">集团军所属第</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">132</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">师等部阵地进攻,双方激战</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">7</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">天</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">7</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">夜,</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">132</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">师阵地多次被突破。张自忠决定用奇兵打敌神经中枢的战法挫败敌人。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">&nbsp;<BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">他调第</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">132</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">师的第</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">359</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">团另配</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">个营,令其于夜间绕道偷袭日军设在钟祥县的总指挥部。临出发前,他鼓励将士们说:</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">国家养兵就是为了打仗,打仗就会有伤亡。人总是要死的,多活</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">20</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">年少活</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">20</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">年转眼就过去了。但死有重于泰山,有轻于鸿毛,为国家为民族而死就重于泰山,否则轻如鸿毛。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">在张自忠的激励下,奇袭部队当晚潜行</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">30</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">里路,一举打下日军总指挥部。正面进攻的日军惊闻老巢被攻陷,大为恐慌。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">张自忠指挥部队趁势猛烈反攻,打得日军狂退</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">60</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">里,大获全胜。此役称襄东大捷</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">。蒋介石通电嘉奖,称张部为</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">最优部队</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,其防区为</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">模范战场</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">。老百姓则美称张自忠为</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">活关公</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">为国家民族 视死如归</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">1940</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">年</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">5</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">月,日军为了控制长江交通、切断通往重庆运输线,及结</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">30</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">万大军发动枣宜会战。当时中国军队的第</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">33</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">集团军只有两个团驻守襄河西岸。张自忠作为集团军总司令,本来可以不必亲自率领部队出击作战,但他不顾部下的再三劝阻,坚持由副总司令留守,五月六日晚致书副总司令兼七十七军军长冯治安一函:</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR>“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">仰之吾弟如晤:因为战区全面战争之关系,及本身之责任,均须过河与敌一拼,现已决定于今晚往襄河东岸进发,到河东后,如能与三十八师,一七九师取得联络,即率两部与马师不顾一切,向北进之敌死拼。若与一七九师,三十八师取不上联络,即带马师之三个团,奔着我们最终之目标</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">(</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">死</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">)</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">往北迈进。无论作好作坏,一定求良心得到安慰,以后公私均得请我弟负责。由现在起,以后或暂别,永离,不得而知,专此布达。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">他自己亲自率领两千多人渡河作战。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR><BR>5</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">月</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">日,张自忠亲笔昭告各部队、各将领:</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">国家到了如此地步,除我等为其死,毫无其它办法。更相信,只要我等能本此决心,我们国家及我五千年历史之民族,决不至亡于区区三岛倭奴之手。为国家民族死之决心,海不清,石不烂,决不半点改变。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">张自忠率两千多人东渡襄河后,一路奋勇进攻,将日军第</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">13</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">师拦腰斩断。日军随后以优势兵力对张自忠所部实施包围夹攻。张自忠毫不畏缩,指挥部队向人数比他们多出一倍半的敌人冲杀十多次。日军伤亡惨重,不明白这支军队为何这样能战。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">浴血奋战 壮烈牺牲</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">日军后来听说是张自忠亲自率领的部队,立即大量增兵,企图消灭这支中国劲旅。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">5</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">月</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">15</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">日,日军一万多人分南北两路向张自忠率领的部队实行夹击。激战到</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">16</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">日佛晓,张自忠部被迫退入番瓜店十里长山。日军在飞机大炮的掩护下,向中国军队的阵地发起猛攻。一昼夜发动九次冲锋。张自忠所部伤亡人员急剧上升,战况空前激烈。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">五月十六日一天之内,张自忠自晨至午,一直疾呼督战,午时他左臂中弹仍坚持指挥作战。到下午二时,张自忠手下只剩下数百官兵,他将自己的卫队悉数调去前方增援,身边只剩下高级参谋张敬和副官马孝堂等八人。他掏出笔向战区司令部写下最后近百字的报告,交给马孝堂时说:</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">我力战而死,自问对国家对民族可告无愧,你们应当努力杀敌,不能辜负我的志向。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">稍后,张自忠腰部又被机枪子弹击中,他卧倒在地浴血奋战最后壮烈牺牲。这一仗,张将军不幸战死。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">军人武德的极至表现</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">张自忠战死后,日个人发现张将军遗体,审认无讹,一起膜拜,用上好木盛殓,并竖木牌。并全军向他行礼,甚至在他的遗体运回后方之时,日军收到消息便下令停止空军的空袭一日,避免伤到张自忠的忠骸。可见,张自忠将军在对日抗战所展现军人武德,连当时崇尚军国主义的日军都为之感动。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">蒋介石惊闻张自忠殉国,立即下令第五战区不惜任何代价夺回张自忠遗骸。一百多名优秀将士,抢回张将军的尸骨,连夜运往重庆。当灵柩经过宜昌时,全市下半旗,民众前往吊祭者超过十万人。灵柩运抵重庆时,蒋介石特亲临迎灵致祭,抚棺痛哭,并手书</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">英烈千秋</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">挽匾以资表扬。张自忠殉国时,年仅五十岁,他的夫人李敏慧女士闻耗悲痛绝食七日而死,夫妻二人合葬于重庆梅花山麓。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">岳飞名言:</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">文官不爱财,武官不惜死,则天下太平矣!</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">张自忠将军抗日体现的正是这种</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">武官不惜死</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">的精神。他生前的最后一句话是:</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <BR>“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">我这样死得好,死得光荣,对国家、对民族、对长官,良心很平安。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">”</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">到了弥留之际,他还念念不忘</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">“</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">这样死得好</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">......</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">良心很平安。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black">"</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="新細明體 "><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><BR></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
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