六十元辰太歲由來
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<h2>六十元辰太歲由來</h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">古代人民禮拜元辰、本命星、以求延壽很普遍,《三國演義》第</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">103</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">回,就談到五丈原諸葛亮禳星之事,諸葛孔明在帳</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">中設下香花祭物,地上分佈七盞大燈,外布四十九盞小燈,內安本命燈一盞,孔明在帳中撥發仗劍,步罡踏鬥,祈禳北斗,若七日內本命燈不滅,即可增壽一紀(十</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">二年)。不料,大將軍魏延夜中闖入帳中報告軍情,將本命燈撲滅,諸葛亮棄劍嘆道;「死生有命,不可得而禳也!」孔明禳星不一定實有其事,但古人禮拜本命星</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">(安太歲)確實很普遍。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">「本命」安太歲的習俗一直流傳至今,古時民間還把「本命年」叫做「檻兒年」,度過本命年如同邁過檻兒一樣,凶多吉少。如;生於龍年(甲辰、丙辰、戊辰、庚辰、壬辰)在龍年時為犯太歲要加倍小心,謹慎從事,有的還要帶上一整年的紅褲帶,以「驅凶避邪」。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">中國傳統記時方法用天干地支法記載,十天干即甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸。十二地支即子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。循環相配由甲子起至癸亥共得六十,為即以下;</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: black;">甲子、乙丑、丙寅、丁卯、戊辰、己巳、庚午、辛未、壬申、癸酉、</span><span style="color: black;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: black;">甲戌、乙亥、丙子、丁丑、戊寅、己卯、庚辰、辛巳、壬午、癸未、</span><span style="color: black;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: black;">甲申、乙酉、丙戌、丁亥、戊子、己丑、庚寅、辛卯、壬辰、癸巳、</span><span style="color: black;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: black;">甲午、乙未、丙申、丁酉、戊戌、己亥、庚子、辛丑、壬寅、癸卯、</span><span style="color: black;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: black;">甲辰、乙巳、丙午、丁未、戊申、己酉、庚戌、辛亥、壬子、癸丑、</span><span style="color: black;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: black;">甲寅、乙卯、丙辰、丁巳、戊午、己未、庚申、辛酉、壬戌、癸亥、</span><span style="color: black;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: black;">用此記年,六十甲子為一周,稱「六十甲子」。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">道教吸引民間流行的「本命」說法,提出「本命星」、「本命年」、「本命日」的理論。凡是人的出生年在六十甲子干支之年,叫本命元辰,也叫本命年,如人出生</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">在九十三年正月十五日(甲申年丙寅月甲寅日),那麼甲申即是本命元辰、本命年。个人的出生日在六十甲子的干支日,叫本命日,如人出生在甲申年丙寅月甲寅</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">日,本命年是甲申、本命日甲寅。道教把六十甲子星宿化,神化,使六十甲子成為六十尊元辰星宿神,並把他們附會上人名,將其塑為文、武、長、幼形態各異的六</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">十位神仙模樣。如;甲子太歲金辦大將軍,面目清瞿、五綹長髯,奇特的是二目中各長出一支小手,手中心各托一目,身穿長袍。乙丑太歲陳才大將軍則是位年輕公</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">子模樣,身著匭甲、手執長槍。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">北京白雲觀中有座元辰殿,元辰殿又稱「六十甲子殿」,供奉六十甲子神。此殿建於金章宗明昌元年(公元</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">1190</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">年)已有八百餘年歷史,金時原名「瑞經殿」,</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">是金章宗黃帝為自己生母所建,為了奉祀太后本命之神。元辰殿中,中央為三目四首八臂斗姆女神,斗姆兩旁為「左輔」右弼「二神,周圍即六十元辰像,舊時習俗</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">禮拜本命元辰之星宿神,乞求本命星保佑自己吉祥如意,一生順利,也叫求順星。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">白雲觀位於宣武區廣安門外濱河路,是全直派的著名道觀,也是北京現存規模最大的道觀建築,創建於唐開元二十七年(739年),現存的寺觀,為清代重建。白</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">雲觀主要的殿堂分佈在中軸線上,依次為牌樓、山門、靈官殿、玉皇殿、老律堂(七真殿)、邱祖殿、四禦殿、戒臺與雲集山房等,大大小小共50多座殿堂,佔地</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">約<st1:chmetcnv unitname="平方米" sourcevalue="20000" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="2" tcsc="2" w:st="on">2萬平方米</st1:chmetcnv>。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">它吸取南北宮觀、園林特點建成,殿宇宏麗,景色幽雅,殿內全用道教圖案裝飾。其中四禦為二層建築,上層名三清閣,內藏明正統年間刊刻的《道藏》一部。邱祖</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">殿為主要殿堂,內有邱處機的泥塑像,塑像下埋葬邱的遺骨。此觀在清朝改建時細部裝飾彩畫仍用道教圖案,如靈芝、仙鶴、八卦、八仙等。觀內保存有大量碑刻,</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">如重修碑記、捐產碑記、畝產碑記、香火碑記等,記述觀址建築變遷。這裡現為中國道教協會會址。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">又稱「六十甲子」。古人以十天干(甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸)和十二地支(子丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戌亥)配合計年,共為六十甲子。道教以六十位星宿神輪流值年,謂之六十元辰。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;"> 中國古代傳統的記時方法,是天干地支法。用十天干即甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸與十二地支子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">亥,循環相配,由甲子起至癸亥止,共得六十對,用此計年,六十年為一同,稱「六十甲子」。道教吸收民間流行的記年方法,並提出「本命」的說法,稱凡个人的</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">出生年六十甲子干支之年,叫本命元辰,本命年。如某人出生於甲子年,那麼甲子即是其本命元辰,甲子年即是其本命年。个人的出生日在六十甲子的干支,叫本命</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">日。如某人出生於甲子年丙子日,那他的本命年是甲子年,本命日即是丙子日。道教認為六十甲子即六十星宿,六十甲子就成了六十尊元辰星宿神。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;"> 就此道教還提出了「太歲」的說法。何為太歲,太歲亦稱歲神,又名歲星,順星。每年都有一個太歲,如逢甲子年,甲子即是「太歲」,逢乙丑年,乙丑即是</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">「太歲」。《月令廣義</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">·</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">歲令二》:「太歲者,主宰一歲之尊神。凡吉事勿沖之,凶事勿犯之,凡修造方向等事尤宜慎避。又如生產,最引自太歲方坐,又忌於太歲</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">方傾穢水及埋衣胞之類。」《協紀辨方》卷三引《神樞經》:「太歲,人君之象,率領諸神,統正方位,斡運時序,總歲成功。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">……</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">若國家巡狩省方,出師略地,營</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">造宮閥,開拓封疆,不可向之。黎庶修造宅舍、築壘牆垣,並須目避。」</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">《三教源流搜神大全》卷五:「太歲殷元帥。帥者,紂王之子也。母皇后姜氏。一日,後游宮園,見地巨人足跡。後以足踐之而孕,降生帥也。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;"> 古時人們習慣上只重視歲陰</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">十二地支</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">,故有「太歲」十二年一循環之說。地支有方位,「太歲」因而也有方位,故古代民間許多禁忌由此產生,以太歲所在</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">為凶方,忌興土木或遷徒房屋等。《土風錄》云:「術家以太歲為大將軍,動土遷徙者必避其方。」歐陽修《集古錄》載李康碑說:「歲在亥,大將軍在酉。」故太</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">歲在中國民間信仰中是有名的凶神。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;"> 太歲神的奉祀,據杜佑《通典》載,北魏道武帝</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">(386—409</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">年在位</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">時,已立「神歲十二」</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">即十二個太歲神</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">專祀。《春明夢余錄》載:「明供武</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"> (1368—1399</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">年</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">七年</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">(1374</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">年</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">甲寅,令仲春秋上旬擇日祭太歲。」說明從北魏時,每年要祭祀歲星,並且還專門設有祭祀歲星的祠。</span><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;"> 太歲神因時而化,據《夷堅志》載,宋時常州東嶽廟後所供太歲,已儼然冠冕,具有人格特徵。自元明以後,最高統牿者設專壇祭祀太歲神,並常與月將日值之</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">神並祭。因歲神為值年之神,掌人間一年禍福,又稱「值年太歲」,俗稱「歲君」。後來道教又把太歲稱為大將軍。《神樞經》云:「大將軍者,歲之大將軍也。」</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; color: blue;">故《正統道藏》中稱六十年太歲神均有真名實姓,且皆有神歷。如今道教宮觀甲子殿中供奉的六十位太歲神,神采各異,巧奪天工。</span></p> 多謝分享 谢 楼主分享。。 谢 楼主分享。。 谢谢分享
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