八卦的概率
<P><FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffd9"><SPAN><STRONG> 八卦的概率 </STRONG></P><P></P></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 210pt; mso-char-indent-count: 17.5"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">----------</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">答欧阳修并兼议周易之源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.45pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.62"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'"><FONT face=Arial> </FONT>概率是研究随机事件发生的可能性的近代数学分支,其数值(用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">P</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">表示)在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">之间,其数值越小越不可能发生,越大越可能发生,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">P</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">=</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">时则一定不发生,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">P=1时</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">则一定发生。任何一种起卦方法的起卦过程都是典型的随机事件。例如,在古筮法中,每堞得到余数为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">的概率是相等的,均为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1/4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">。在火珠林占法占法中,每枚铜钱出现正反两面的概率也都等于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1/2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">基于概率学,我们不难得出在古筮法中得到各爻</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">的概率分别为:</SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">(老阴)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">这就是说,得到老阴的可能性最小,只占六十四分之一,其它三种分别式它的二十七倍,九倍和二十七倍。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">北宋欧阳修不仅是文学家,政治家,也是易学大家,他在《答易童子问》中的疑惑</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">“何以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">常少,而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">常多?”由此得到了圆满的回答。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">在此基础上我们不难发现,古筮法得到各六十四卦的概率相差更大。例如,得到坤之乾卦的概率只有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">36</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">次方分之一。也就是说起卦一百亿次得到此卦的可能性仅仅为一次。由此可知,认为周易起源于对多次占筮的总结是站不住脚的,尚秉和先生的《周易古筮考通解》集古卦例之大成,其中并无此卦,相信大家都从未见过此卦例。我想周公也不会有如此好的运气,得到了足可以归纳出“利永贞”的卦例。卦辞尚且如此,爻辞则更是不可能由归纳总结而得出了。因此,我们有理由相信,所谓易历三圣只是人们美好的愿望罢了,周易的起源仍然是不解之谜。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </P>
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[ 本帖最后由 名雕 于 2008-3-14 22:53 编辑 ] <P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">随着起卦方法的不断革新,其中各爻各卦的概率也在不断的变化,以下是火珠林占法得到各爻的概率:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">全正</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">二正一反</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">概率</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">与古筮法相比之下,得到老阴的概率增大了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">倍,得到少阳的概率大致不变,得到少阴的概率增大了近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">倍,得到老阳的概率则大大减少了。因此得到各卦的高率也发生了相当大的变化,例如,用火珠林占法得到坤之乾卦的概率约为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">18</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">次方分之一,即约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">26</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">万次的占筮中就可遇上一次,比古筮法高了近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">万倍。但我仍然相信,焦延寿筮不可能对卦例的归纳总结得出《易林》的占辞。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: simsun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new roman'">前人由于受到研究方法的限制没有发现其中的巨大变化,今天的研究方向也使人很难想到这点,但这是否会影响周易的研究是显而易见的。尤其是现在的很多方法,其中的概率是完全相等的,这是否违背了易学的初衷值得我们三思。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
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<P> 新道家: 名雕 </P></SPAN> 下了认真学习一下. 说的挺有道理的。 国内有人研究过概率的问题,但是不能按照现在人的概率思维理解八卦或者64卦吧 收藏了 好好了理解一下
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