深文急响 发表于 2008-12-3 07:41:39

道教“北极驱邪院印”考辨

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>一、道教法印的历史渊源与宗教功用</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>法印是中华道教最重要的法器之一。它是历代的法师们因为宗教法事活动的需要，遵照道教信仰中三清诸神的名号、鬼神司府的称谓及重要道经的内容，模仿人间社会中古代封建帝王玉玺和官府公印而刻造的各种印章。通常以玉、石、木或金、银、铜等质材制作镌成，道教用以上章申表、发书遣文、召役鬼神、通圣达灵、驱邪治病、养身护体等。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">道教法印的出现颇早，早在道教教团形成之前，秦汉的方士和巫师已经将法印施用于治病、解厄、辟邪、通神、达灵等活动中，如“天帝使者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“天帝神师</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“天帝杀鬼之印</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、“天皇上帝之印</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、“高皇上帝之印</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、“皇天上帝制万神章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、“天乙北辰章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、“天符地节之印</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、“黄神越章之印</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等印。后世称这类印章为“方士印</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，或称“道家印</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至东汉道教成立，即沿袭了秦汉方士的这一传统，创制道教的印章。史载天师道祖师张陵即镌有“阳平治都功印</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> "</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，后被张氏子孙世代沿用至今，成为道教正一派最重要的法器。在道教的古文献中，明确指出太平道、天师道都曾使用“黄神越章之印”施法宣教。葛洪《抱朴子</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">·登陟篇》说：“古之人入山者，皆佩黄神越章之印，其广四寸，其字一百二十，以封泥着所住之四方各百步，则虎狼不敢近其内也。若有山川社庙，血食恶神，能作祸福者，以印印泥，断其道路，则不复能神矣。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其后，这种法印的印文随其时代的变迁而有变化，且可分为“黄神</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、“越章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两印。从汉唐到宋明，黄神越章之印被道士们广泛使用，成为延用千余年之久的古印。这是道教沿用秦汉方士印的一个典型例子。</SPAN></FONT></P>

dfrm 发表于 2008-12-3 14:59:18

法印是中华道教最重要的法器之一
可惜没有具体图样。

bbc6332 发表于 2011-5-18 21:15:06

可惜看不到內裡附圖

月夜倾心 发表于 2012-12-29 16:22:20

可惜没看以印图之类的内容
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