yujwei0 发表于 2009-8-5 10:17:50

   漫 谈 十 二 时

<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 6pt; mso-char-indent-count: .5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>民间对时辰的称谓:<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 71.9pt; TEXT-INDENT: -42pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.85gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>子时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>23-1</SPAN>点、子初<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>前半时<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>、子庚、庚分、中庚、半庚、末旦宵分、子正<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>下半时<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>丑 时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>点、丑初、鸡鸣、荒鸡、鸡叫、鸡鸣丑时、丑正。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 71.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -42pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.78gd"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">寅时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>点、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">寅初、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">平明、黎明、早旦、日旦、昧旦、早晨、清晨、早庚、早朝、昧</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">爽、平旦、旦日、旦时、寅正。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 71.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -42pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.78gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>卯 时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>点、卯初、日上、日生、日始、日稀、旭日、破晓、日出、日出卯时、日上三杆(一杆七尺半<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>、卯正。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 47.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.78gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>晨 时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>点、晨初、食时、早食、宴食、蚤食、晨正。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 71.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -42pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.78gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>巳 时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN>点、巳初、隅中、日隅、禺中、日隅中、牛起嚼、莫时、巳正。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 71.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -42pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.78gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>午 时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>13</SPAN>点、午初、午时、日中、日正、日午、日高、中午、正尚午时、亭午、日当午、尚午、尚了、午正。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 71.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -42pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.78gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>未 时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>13</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN>点、未初、日辰、晡时、日铺、日稷、日夕、隅日、夕食、粗时、未正。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 71.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -42pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.78gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>申 时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>17</SPAN>点、申初、日映、铺时、日铺、日稷、日夕、夕食、下卯、申正。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 71.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -42pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.78gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>酉 时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>17</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN>点、酉初、日入、日没、日沉、日西、日夕、日逝、日晏、日吁、日晦、傍晚、落日、春日、日下山、日落酉时、日正。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 71.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -42pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.78gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>戍 时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>21</SPAN>点、戍初、黄昏、放灰、日暮、日未、日夕、日晚、日暗、日堕、日曛、曛黄、戍正、牛半入。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 47.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.78gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>亥 时:<SPAN lang=EN-US>21</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>23</SPAN>点、亥初、人定、定昏、黄庚、人静、亥正。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 42pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.5"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p><FONT face=宋体 color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>时 差:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 42pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>可见十二时在中国,由于地域的差别,产生出时差的关系,称谓也就有重复的叫法(未时、申时、酉时和戍时)。时有不同叫法一样。自从有了时钟,这些叫法在农村,虽年长者乃有人叫。可是随着电子表的增多,也是以钟表为准了。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 47.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -42pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.5; mso-para-margin-left: .5gd"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p><FONT face=宋体 color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>定寅时:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.05pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>古时的星官观星是非常辛苦的。也是非常认真的。无论是晴天还是雨夜,一年四季昼夜不停,从不假、漏、错报。如王安石的《田漏》诗上说:“占星昏晓中,寒署已不疑。田家更置漏,寸晷亦欲知。汗与水俱滴,力随阳屡移。谁当哀此劳,往往夺其时。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>特别是在白天因地域和四季造成昼夜长短不一,就得以两分、两至、日出、日落和昼夜长短都要测出准确时间。这就得参照其他星宿,特别是二十八宿和北斗星。如《礼记。月令》“孟春之月昏在参,旦在尾,日出在乙<SPAN lang=EN-US>……</SPAN>。”就是说:打春后第一个月,黄昏时是<SPAN lang=EN-US>28</SPAN>宿的参出现星、天亮时是<SPAN lang=EN-US>28</SPAN>宿的尾星出现,日出的时候是在乙的方位。古人就以此定出天亮(旦)。也就是《星命须知》里的,日将出先定寅时的说法。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p><FONT face=宋体 color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>定寅歌:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">“正九五更三点徹,二八五更四点歇。三七平明是寅时,四六日出寅无别。五月日高三丈地,仲冬才到四更首。十月十二四更二,便是寅时众皆知。”前两数如:二八都指月分,就是说二月八月到了五更四点就是寅时。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">寅定完了再定日出和日落。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p><FONT face=宋体 color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>太阳出没歌:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">歌诀:正九出乙入庚方,二八出卯入酉场。三七发甲入辛地,四六生寅戍宫藏。五月艮出乾宫入,仲冬出巽入坤乡。惟有十与十二月,出辰入申观</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">仔祥。就是说:正月日出在乙地的方位,落日是落在庚地的方位。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p><FONT face=宋体 color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>怎么看呢?<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align=left><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">就是把地球化为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><FONT face="Times New Roman">360</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">度。用十二地支(子丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戍亥)中的先用子午卯酉定出四正(东西南北)。以子、午定南北(子午线)。以卯、酉定东西;再用四个八卦中的乾坤巽艮,乾西北、坤西南、艮东北、巽东南定出四隅;再用八个天干(甲乙丙丁庚辛壬癸)填充定出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">等分(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">小时)。为什么十个天干只用八个?因戊已是中央土不居方位。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></H3>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face=宋体>黑龙江省鸡西市恒山检察院</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体 color=#000000></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体 color=#000000>               于 江 为</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face=宋体 color=#000000>                      2009.8.5.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p><FONT face=宋体 color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
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